Este trabajo aborda el pacto librepensador suscri­to por las autoras Rosario de Acuña y Ángeles López de Ayala. Se examinan sus contribuciones en la prensa librepensadora y su activismo feminista a través de un análisis de sus colabora­ciones en Las dominicales del librepensamiento, El gladiador: órgano de la “Sociedad progresiva femenina” y El gladiador del librepensamiento. La ideología de estas publicaciones les permitió vincular la lucha feminista con la agenda política de ideología progresista. Se parte de dos ejes complementarios cuya (...) intersección permite abordar su pacto de compromiso y transgresión: la lucha por la igualdad social y por la igualdad de género. Se estudian sus reflexiones sobre la explotación del pueblo por las castas, el empoderamiento de la mujer como agente constructor del progreso y la denuncia vehemente de su sometimiento. Se concluye que los escritos de Acuña y Ayala evidencian con el paso de los años una radicalización que pro­picia una postura cada vez más trasgresora y un feminismo más combativo, reflejando así su descontento con la actitud pater­nalista u hostil del librepensamiento y el republicanismo mas­culino en lo que respecta a los derechos de la mujer. (shrink)

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate, in adults with mild cognitive impairment, the brain atrophy that may distinguish between three AT biomarker-based profiles, and to determine its clinical value.MethodsStructural MRI was employed to evaluate the volume and cortical thickness differences in MCI patients with different AT profiles, namely, A−T−−: normal AD biomarkers; A+T−−: AD pathologic change; and A+T++: prodromal AD. Sensitivity and specificity of these changes were also estimated.ResultsAn initial atrophy in medial temporal lobe areas was found in the A+T−− and (...) A+T++ groups, spreading toward the parietal and frontal regions in A+T++ patients. These structural changes allowed distinguishing AT profiles within the AD continuum; however, the profiles and their pattern of neurodegeneration were unsuccessful to determine the current clinical status.ConclusionsMRI is useful in the determination of the specific brain structural changes of AT profiles along the AD continuum, allowing differentiation between MCI adults with or without pathological AD biomarkers. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

Objective: Illness perceptions are important predictors of emotional and behavioral responses in many diseases. The current study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related IP throughout Europe. The specific goals are to understand the temporal development, identify predictors and examine the impacts of IP on perceived stress and preventive behaviors.Methods: This was a time-series-cross-section study of 7,032 participants from 16 European countries using multilevel modeling from April to June 2020. IP were measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Temporal patterns were observed (...) considering the date of participation and the date recoded to account the epidemiological evolution of each country. The outcomes considered were perceived stress and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Results: There were significant trends, over time, for several IP, suggesting a small decrease in negativity in the perception of COVID-19 in the community. Age, gender, and education level related to some, but not all, IP. Considering the self-regulation model, perceptions consistently predicted general stress and were less consistently related to preventive behaviors. Country showed no effect in the predictive model, suggesting that national differences may have little relevance for IP, in this context.Conclusion: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 IP in Europe in an early stage of the pandemic. The results shed light on the process of IP formation with implications for health-related outcomes and their evolution. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior (...) was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions. (shrink)

Como lo señala su título, el artículo de Ana María Ayala ofrece una excelente exposición de la forma en la que Spinoza entiende la virtud y la felicidad en confrontación con la doctrina cartesiana, de modo que no me voy a detener en ello. Serán los lectores quienes podrán aprovechar de su lectura. Lo que llamó mi atención, desde que tuve ocasión de conocer el título, fue la calificación de “comunitario” que se le otorga al pensa- miento del judío (...) holandés; porque mis lecturas me habían llevado a entenderlo como una propuesta muy personal para alcanzar la verdadera felicidad y libertad mediante el uso adecuado del pensamiento. (shrink)

RESUMEN Este artículo explora si hay algún fundamento sólido para atribuir a Leonardo da Vinci prioridad en la formulación del símil que lleva a concebir el ojo como una cámara obscura. Aquí, se defiende una posición pesimista. No obstante, el artículo resalta algunos aportes del pintor renacentista que pueden considerarse contribuciones a la consolidación del símil. ABSTRACT The article explores whether there is any solid basis for attributing to Leonardo da Vinci the priority in formulating the simile that leads to (...) conceiving the eye as a camera obscura. Here, a pessimistic position is defended, however, the article highlights some of Leonardo's contributions to the consolidation of the simile. (shrink)

La mentoría como programa de formación en el inicio de la vida profesional del docente principiante se presenta como una oportunidad para la mejora de la calidad de las instituciones educativas y de sus agentes. Al mismo tiempo, revierte sobre la comunidad y el territorio donde se ubica. En contextos reconocidos como vulnerables se necesitan agentes educativos vocacionales y con un alto nivel de resiliencia, y con una meta clara: formar a personas plenas que contribuyan con su sentir, ser y (...) hacer al desarrollo de la comunidad en la que habitan. (shrink)

Spin is a fundamental and distinctive property of the electron, having far-reaching implications. Yet its purely formal treatment often blurs the physical content and meaning of the spin operator and associated observables. In this work we propose to advance in disclosing the meaning behind the formalism, by first recalling some basic facts about the one-particle spin operator. Consistently informed by and in line with the quantum formalism, we then proceed to analyse in detail the spin projection operator correlation function \=\left\langle (...) \left \left \right\rangle \) for the bipartite singlet state, and show it to be amenable to an unequivocal probabilistic reading. In particular, the calculation of \\) entails a partitioning of the probability space, which is dependent on the directions \.\) The derivation of the CHSH- or other Bell-type inequalities, on the other hand, does not consider such partitioning. This observation puts into question the applicability of Bell-type inequalities to the bipartite singlet spin state. (shrink)

A base da autonomia acontece na presença do outro, através do diálogo. Pensando nisso e preocupadas em oferecer ferramentas para o educador é que temos desenvolvido oficinas com dinâmicas, pois elas favorecem o filosofar, possibilitam ao profissional da educação infantil um espaço para ressignificar sua atuação e sua prática diante da reflexão e de vivências que o levem a experimentar o saber de si enquanto sujeito aberto ao diálogo e a novas aprendizagens.

Por incorporar a esperança na pedagogia crítica para, um só tempo, humanizar radicalmente a educação e transformar a sociedade, ele faz aumentar nossas expectativas sobre o que são capazes de fazer uma teoria e uma pedagogia ao construir um caminho que demonstra a indissociabilidade de ordem teórica e prática.

Despite its potential implications for the objectivity of scientific knowledge, the claim that “scientific instruments are perspectival” has received little critical attention. I show that this claim is best understood as highlighting the dependence of instruments on different perspectives. When closely analyzed, instead of constituting a novel epistemic challenge, this dependence can be exploited to mount novel strategies for resolving two old epistemic problems: conceptual relativism and theory-ladeness. The novel content of this article consists in articulating and developing these strategies (...) by introducing two fine-grained notions of perspectives as the key units of analysis: “broad perspectives” and “narrow perspectives.”. (shrink)

La parada cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) es una de las principales causas de muerte en los países industrializados. La reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) por testigos aumenta la supervivencia pero no hay formación en RCP en España en el sistema educativo.Este trabajo analiza la implementación de un programa de formación para profesores de Educación Secundaria por parte de sanitarios y, posteriormente, la adquisición de competencias por parte del alumnado comparando según el docente que los ha formado (profesor/a o sanitario), en un instituto de Granada (...) (España), objetivando una adquisición de competencias adecuada a todos los niveles y mejor cuando el docente es profesor/a. (shrink)

This paper raises the possibility of a female authorship for the anonymous 14th century work The Cloud of Unknowing, which academics always attribute to a man. It points out four premises: firstly the error of sexual attribution of the authorship of The Mirror of Simple Souls, maintained until 20th century; secondly, the conception of woman by the English mystical male writers Rolle and Hilton, which is not found in the writings attributed to the author of The Cloud; thirdly, the literary, (...) theological and mystical greatness of a English woman writer of 14th century, Julian of Norwich; and, finally, the scholars' considerations about the author (man for them) of The Cloud and its related treatises, which, notwithstanding, could perfectly be attributed to a woman of the fourteenth century in England. So, the conclusion invites to question the male authorship of this masterpiece, perhaps, for the first time. (shrink)

Cette étude vise à comprendre les spécificités sémantiques des lexèmes _manipuler_ et _modifier_ afin d’éclairer l’usage qui en est fait en bioéthique lorsque les actions désignées ont comme objet l’embryon, le cerveau, l’ADN, l’Homme, le vivant ou la procréation. En s’appuyant sur les définitions des dictionnaires et sur les réponses à un questionnaire soumis aux locuteurs, et en se servant de concepts de la sémantique combinatoire, de la sémantique argumentative, de la sémantique des cadres et de l’aspect sémantique, l’étude identifie (...) les éléments de signification propres à chacun des deux lexèmes. Ces éléments sont étroitement liés au potentiel de signification des lexèmes et aux traits aspectuels des procès qu’ils désignent. À l’issue de cette étude, un ensemble de traits sémantiques caractéristiques de chaque lexème est proposé, dans une perspective contrastive. (shrink)

En este trabajo abordo un caso específico del problema clásico de la individuación en la Filosofía de la Biología: el de las colonias de insectos, y en particular, de hormigas. El carácter individual de un conjunto de hormigas que forman una colonia puede ser objeto de controversia, ya que, desde un punto de vista intuitivo, no parece constituir un individuo. Mi objetivo es demostrar que las colonias de hormigas son individuos biológicos. Para ello, me centro en dos de los tipos (...) de individuos más estudiados en la Filosofía de la Biología: los funcionales y los evolutivos, y examino si las colonias de hormigas cumplen con las condiciones necesarias para ser consideradas individuos en estos términos. (shrink)

The novels of the Civil Rights Era are the place where voices speak the unspeakable, where the reader is showed from various angles the human character in times of conflict. The novels chosen for analysis—The Color Purple and Native Son uncover oppression and trauma, ways to cope with the ills of a society, and the forms of redemption or healing methods according to the case. The issues tackled are not just racial, they are human issues too. In every story there (...) are universal lessons for times of conflict when the power of reason should prevail. The message is to learn from history and thus prevent evil from reappearing. (shrink)

Classifications are useful and efficient. We group things into kinds to facilitate the acquisition and transmission of important, often tacit, information about a particular entity qua member of some kind. Whilst it is universally acknowledged that classifications are useful, some scientific classifications (e.g. chemical elements) are held to higher epistemic standards than folk classifications (e.g. bugs). Scientific classifications in terms of ‘natural kinds’ are considered to be more reliable and successful because they are highly projectible and support law-like and inductive (...) generalisations. What counts as a natural kind is, however, controversial: according to essentialists (e.g. Putnam, Kripke, Ellis) natural kinds are mind-independent and possess essential characteristics; according to promiscuous realists (e.g. Dupre ) there are ‘countless legitimate, objectively grounded ways of classifying objects in the world’; and according to scientific realists (e.g. Boyd, Psillos) natural kinds are grounded in the ‘causal structure of the world’. More specifically, realism about kinds can be understood as a commitment to the existence of natural divisions (kinds) in the world that we come to know as a result of mature scientific investigation into the nature of such kinds. Realism about natural kinds is supported and articulated in terms of three main arguments, metaphysical, semantical, and epistemological. In the first part of my thesis I offer a sustained and systematic investigation of these three main arguments, with their respective promises and prospects for the viability of realism about kinds and I find them wanting, whilst in the second part of the thesis I pursue an unexplored line of inquiry regarding natural kinds and propose a mild realism about natural kinds via the ontology of real patterns. (shrink)

La música puede afectar al individuo en todos sus niveles –físico, mental y espiritual–. El presente artículo se centra en el papel que ésta desempeña en el desarrollo de la vida espiritual y trascendental. Para ello, realizaremos un repaso histórico de su evolución estética y social, abordaremos dicho fenómeno a nivel fisiológico y presentaremos sus aplicaciones clínicas y sociales. Seguidamente y a modo de ejemplo de las concepciones de pensamiento occidental y oriental, trataremos la forma en que el cristianismo y (...) el budismo conciben la música dentro de su doctrina. Finalizaremos con algunas reflexiones sobre el tema. (shrink)

El presente artículo determina cómo una empresa ética, convertida en escuela de virtudes morales, puede contribuir a mejorar la sociedad. La empresa sólo puede mejorar la sociedad y generar un impacto positivo en la misma desde la ejemplaridad de todas y cada una de sus personas. Se entiende la empresa como una comunidad de personas en la que ha de existir un equilibrio esencial entre lo individual y lo colectivo. Se parte de la premisa de que la empresa es, también, (...) un espacio ético que puede llegar a convertirse en una escuela de valores y virtudes en la que los profesionales desarrollen sus capacidades humanas en interrelación con los demás. Se argumenta la relevancia de la virtud empresarial, desde la perspectiva de la transformación del ethos individual, de los hábitos de las personas que forman la organización. Se considera que la empresa puede llegar a convertirse en una “escuela de valores y virtudes”. La forja del ethos ético y virtuoso de los profesionales es, a su vez, la esencia de la construcción del ethos ético de la empresa que tendrá su correspondiente impacto en el ethos de una buena sociedad. A partir de estas aseveraciones nos hacemos las siguientes preguntas en nuestra investigación: ¿De qué manera puede influir el ethos de la empresa en la configuración de los ethos particulares de los profesionales que forman parte de ella? y ¿cómo puede la empresa contribuir al desarrollo de las virtudes morales de sus personas? Asumiendo estas dos cuestiones como base de la investigación, se argumenta que la empresa puede llegar a ser, a través del trabajo, una ‘escuela’ para el desarrollo de las virtudes morales y, desde ahí, contribuir a la construcción de una sociedad más humana. (shrink)

La muerte constituye uno de los temas centrales de la literatura. Cada mundo creado a partir de la multiplicidad de espacios y tiempos representados, ofrece la visión de los opuestos, vida y muerte, que se complementan eternamente. Para entender plenamente los efectos de sentidos que otorga el tema de la muerte en la obra de Guadalupe Dueñas, el lector debe penetrar en el mundo profundo y variado de los tópicos literarios sobre la muerte, cuyas fronteras dan soporte y sentido a (...) lo expuesto en los relatos de esta escritora. (shrink)

We introduce the papers in this special issue by providing an overarching perspective on the variety in kinds of commons and the ethical issues stemming from their diversity. Despite a long history of local commons management, recent decades have witnessed a surge of scholarly interest in the concept of “the commons,” including a growing management literature. This swell was impelled especially by Garrett Hardin’s paper of 1968, and the body of work generated by Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues. However, the (...) term itself has come to be used in a variety of ways. To contextualize its ethical dimensions, we map a number of commons-related concepts such as common-pool resources, common property regime, excludability and subtractability, common-pool resource types and commons or “commoning” as a source of production. Following a brief summary of papers in this special issue, the essay concludes with an identification of implications for research, practice and policy. (shrink)

Like other postmodern structures, post-industrial labour markets display more frequent and rapid changes and higher unpredictability. In these conditions, the world of work is less capable in providing individuals stable signals for the construction of their behaviours. This paper aims to examine both macro and micro factors that shape labour market participation and expectations related to employment outcomes. We explore statistical data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 collected from almost seventy thousands individuals around the world. Focusing on subjective (...) evaluations of expected employment outcomes, our results are relevant for better understanding labour market participation from a postmodern perspective. (shrink)